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Math formulas: Useful limits

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The General Limit Formulas

If limxaf(x)=l and limxag(x)=m ,then\text{If } \lim_{x \to a} f(x) = l \text{ and } \lim_{x \to a} g(x) = m \text{ ,then}

limxa [f(x)±g(x)]=l±m\lim_{x \to a} ~\left[ f(x) \pm g(x) \right] = l \pm m
limxa [f(x)g(x)]=lm\lim_{x \to a} ~\left[ f(x) \cdot g(x) \right] = l \cdot m
limxaf(x)g(x)=lm\lim_{x \to a} \frac{f(x)}{g(x)} = \frac{l}{m}
limxacf(x)=cl\lim_{x \to a} c\cdot f(x) = c \cdot l
limxa1f(x)=1l\lim_{x \to a} \frac{1}{f(x)} = \frac{1}{l}

The Common Limits

limx (1+1n)n=e \lim_{x \to \infty}~\left(1+\frac{1}{n}\right)^n = e
limx (1+n)1/n=e \lim_{x \to \infty}~(1 + n)^{1/n} = e
limx0 sinxx=1 \lim_{x \to 0}~\frac{\sin x}{x} = 1
limx0 tanxx=1 \lim_{x \to 0}~\frac{\tan x}{x} = 1
limx0 cosx1x=0 \lim_{x \to 0}~\frac{\cos x-1}{x} = 0
limxa xnanxa=nan1 \lim_{x \to a}~\frac{x^n - a^n}{x-a} = n\,a^{n-1}

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