Check if $ x-2 $ is a factor of $ x^{3}-x^{2}-10x-8 $.
Answer
The synthetic division table is:
$$ \begin{array}{c|rrrr}2&1&-1&-10&-8\\& & 2& 2& \color{black}{-16} \\ \hline &\color{blue}{1}&\color{blue}{1}&\color{blue}{-8}&\color{orangered}{-24} \end{array} $$Because the remainder $ \left( \color{red}{ -24 } \right) $ is not zero, we conclude that the $ x-2 $ is not a factor of $ x^{3}-x^{2}-10x-8$.
Explanation
First we need to create a synthetic division table.
Step 1 : Write down the coefficients of the dividend into division table. Put the zero from $ x -2 = 0 $ ( $ x = \color{blue}{ 2 } $ ) at the left.
$$ \begin{array}{c|rrrr}\color{blue}{2}&1&-1&-10&-8\\& & & & \\ \hline &&&& \end{array} $$Step 1 : Bring down the leading coefficient to the bottom row.
$$ \begin{array}{c|rrrr}2&\color{orangered}{ 1 }&-1&-10&-8\\& & & & \\ \hline &\color{orangered}{1}&&& \end{array} $$Step 2 : Multiply by the number on the left, and carry the result into the next column: $ \color{blue}{ 2 } \cdot \color{blue}{ 1 } = \color{blue}{ 2 } $.
$$ \begin{array}{c|rrrr}\color{blue}{2}&1&-1&-10&-8\\& & \color{blue}{2} & & \\ \hline &\color{blue}{1}&&& \end{array} $$Step 3 : Add down last column: $ \color{orangered}{ -1 } + \color{orangered}{ 2 } = \color{orangered}{ 1 } $
$$ \begin{array}{c|rrrr}2&1&\color{orangered}{ -1 }&-10&-8\\& & \color{orangered}{2} & & \\ \hline &1&\color{orangered}{1}&& \end{array} $$Step 4 : Multiply by the number on the left, and carry the result into the next column: $ \color{blue}{ 2 } \cdot \color{blue}{ 1 } = \color{blue}{ 2 } $.
$$ \begin{array}{c|rrrr}\color{blue}{2}&1&-1&-10&-8\\& & 2& \color{blue}{2} & \\ \hline &1&\color{blue}{1}&& \end{array} $$Step 5 : Add down last column: $ \color{orangered}{ -10 } + \color{orangered}{ 2 } = \color{orangered}{ -8 } $
$$ \begin{array}{c|rrrr}2&1&-1&\color{orangered}{ -10 }&-8\\& & 2& \color{orangered}{2} & \\ \hline &1&1&\color{orangered}{-8}& \end{array} $$Step 6 : Multiply by the number on the left, and carry the result into the next column: $ \color{blue}{ 2 } \cdot \color{blue}{ \left( -8 \right) } = \color{blue}{ -16 } $.
$$ \begin{array}{c|rrrr}\color{blue}{2}&1&-1&-10&-8\\& & 2& 2& \color{blue}{-16} \\ \hline &1&1&\color{blue}{-8}& \end{array} $$Step 7 : Add down last column: $ \color{orangered}{ -8 } + \color{orangered}{ \left( -16 \right) } = \color{orangered}{ -24 } $
$$ \begin{array}{c|rrrr}2&1&-1&-10&\color{orangered}{ -8 }\\& & 2& 2& \color{orangered}{-16} \\ \hline &\color{blue}{1}&\color{blue}{1}&\color{blue}{-8}&\color{orangered}{-24} \end{array} $$Remainder is the last entry in the bottom row $ \left(\color{red}{ -24 }\right)$.