Check if $ x+5 $ is a factor of $ x^{3}-2x^{2}-23x-60 $.
Answer
The synthetic division table is:
$$ \begin{array}{c|rrrr}-5&1&-2&-23&-60\\& & -5& 35& \color{black}{-60} \\ \hline &\color{blue}{1}&\color{blue}{-7}&\color{blue}{12}&\color{orangered}{-120} \end{array} $$Because the remainder $ \left( \color{red}{ -120 } \right) $ is not zero, we conclude that the $ x+5 $ is not a factor of $ x^{3}-2x^{2}-23x-60$.
Explanation
First we need to create a synthetic division table.
Step 1 : Write down the coefficients of the dividend into division table. Put the zero from $ x + 5 = 0 $ ( $ x = \color{blue}{ -5 } $ ) at the left.
$$ \begin{array}{c|rrrr}\color{blue}{-5}&1&-2&-23&-60\\& & & & \\ \hline &&&& \end{array} $$Step 1 : Bring down the leading coefficient to the bottom row.
$$ \begin{array}{c|rrrr}-5&\color{orangered}{ 1 }&-2&-23&-60\\& & & & \\ \hline &\color{orangered}{1}&&& \end{array} $$Step 2 : Multiply by the number on the left, and carry the result into the next column: $ \color{blue}{ -5 } \cdot \color{blue}{ 1 } = \color{blue}{ -5 } $.
$$ \begin{array}{c|rrrr}\color{blue}{-5}&1&-2&-23&-60\\& & \color{blue}{-5} & & \\ \hline &\color{blue}{1}&&& \end{array} $$Step 3 : Add down last column: $ \color{orangered}{ -2 } + \color{orangered}{ \left( -5 \right) } = \color{orangered}{ -7 } $
$$ \begin{array}{c|rrrr}-5&1&\color{orangered}{ -2 }&-23&-60\\& & \color{orangered}{-5} & & \\ \hline &1&\color{orangered}{-7}&& \end{array} $$Step 4 : Multiply by the number on the left, and carry the result into the next column: $ \color{blue}{ -5 } \cdot \color{blue}{ \left( -7 \right) } = \color{blue}{ 35 } $.
$$ \begin{array}{c|rrrr}\color{blue}{-5}&1&-2&-23&-60\\& & -5& \color{blue}{35} & \\ \hline &1&\color{blue}{-7}&& \end{array} $$Step 5 : Add down last column: $ \color{orangered}{ -23 } + \color{orangered}{ 35 } = \color{orangered}{ 12 } $
$$ \begin{array}{c|rrrr}-5&1&-2&\color{orangered}{ -23 }&-60\\& & -5& \color{orangered}{35} & \\ \hline &1&-7&\color{orangered}{12}& \end{array} $$Step 6 : Multiply by the number on the left, and carry the result into the next column: $ \color{blue}{ -5 } \cdot \color{blue}{ 12 } = \color{blue}{ -60 } $.
$$ \begin{array}{c|rrrr}\color{blue}{-5}&1&-2&-23&-60\\& & -5& 35& \color{blue}{-60} \\ \hline &1&-7&\color{blue}{12}& \end{array} $$Step 7 : Add down last column: $ \color{orangered}{ -60 } + \color{orangered}{ \left( -60 \right) } = \color{orangered}{ -120 } $
$$ \begin{array}{c|rrrr}-5&1&-2&-23&\color{orangered}{ -60 }\\& & -5& 35& \color{orangered}{-60} \\ \hline &\color{blue}{1}&\color{blue}{-7}&\color{blue}{12}&\color{orangered}{-120} \end{array} $$Remainder is the last entry in the bottom row $ \left(\color{red}{ -120 }\right)$.