Divide using synthetic division $$ ( x^{3}+x+4 ) \div ( x+2 ) $$
Answer
The synthetic division table is:
$$ \begin{array}{c|rrrr}-2&1&0&1&4\\& & -2& 4& \color{black}{-10} \\ \hline &\color{blue}{1}&\color{blue}{-2}&\color{blue}{5}&\color{orangered}{-6} \end{array} $$The solution is:
$$ \frac{ x^{3}+x+4 }{ x+2 } = \color{blue}{x^{2}-2x+5} \color{red}{~-~} \frac{ \color{red}{ 6 } }{ x+2 } $$Explanation
Step 1 : Write down the coefficients of the dividend into division table. Put the zero from $ x + 2 = 0 $ ( $ x = \color{blue}{ -2 } $ ) at the left.
$$ \begin{array}{c|rrrr}\color{blue}{-2}&1&0&1&4\\& & & & \\ \hline &&&& \end{array} $$Step 1 : Bring down the leading coefficient to the bottom row.
$$ \begin{array}{c|rrrr}-2&\color{orangered}{ 1 }&0&1&4\\& & & & \\ \hline &\color{orangered}{1}&&& \end{array} $$Step 2 : Multiply by the number on the left, and carry the result into the next column: $ \color{blue}{ -2 } \cdot \color{blue}{ 1 } = \color{blue}{ -2 } $.
$$ \begin{array}{c|rrrr}\color{blue}{-2}&1&0&1&4\\& & \color{blue}{-2} & & \\ \hline &\color{blue}{1}&&& \end{array} $$Step 3 : Add down last column: $ \color{orangered}{ 0 } + \color{orangered}{ \left( -2 \right) } = \color{orangered}{ -2 } $
$$ \begin{array}{c|rrrr}-2&1&\color{orangered}{ 0 }&1&4\\& & \color{orangered}{-2} & & \\ \hline &1&\color{orangered}{-2}&& \end{array} $$Step 4 : Multiply by the number on the left, and carry the result into the next column: $ \color{blue}{ -2 } \cdot \color{blue}{ \left( -2 \right) } = \color{blue}{ 4 } $.
$$ \begin{array}{c|rrrr}\color{blue}{-2}&1&0&1&4\\& & -2& \color{blue}{4} & \\ \hline &1&\color{blue}{-2}&& \end{array} $$Step 5 : Add down last column: $ \color{orangered}{ 1 } + \color{orangered}{ 4 } = \color{orangered}{ 5 } $
$$ \begin{array}{c|rrrr}-2&1&0&\color{orangered}{ 1 }&4\\& & -2& \color{orangered}{4} & \\ \hline &1&-2&\color{orangered}{5}& \end{array} $$Step 6 : Multiply by the number on the left, and carry the result into the next column: $ \color{blue}{ -2 } \cdot \color{blue}{ 5 } = \color{blue}{ -10 } $.
$$ \begin{array}{c|rrrr}\color{blue}{-2}&1&0&1&4\\& & -2& 4& \color{blue}{-10} \\ \hline &1&-2&\color{blue}{5}& \end{array} $$Step 7 : Add down last column: $ \color{orangered}{ 4 } + \color{orangered}{ \left( -10 \right) } = \color{orangered}{ -6 } $
$$ \begin{array}{c|rrrr}-2&1&0&1&\color{orangered}{ 4 }\\& & -2& 4& \color{orangered}{-10} \\ \hline &\color{blue}{1}&\color{blue}{-2}&\color{blue}{5}&\color{orangered}{-6} \end{array} $$Bottom line represents the quotient $ \color{blue}{ x^{2}-2x+5 } $ with a remainder of $ \color{red}{ -6 } $.