Divide using synthetic division $$ ( x^{2}-2x+1 ) \div ( x-3 ) $$
Answer
The synthetic division table is:
$$ \begin{array}{c|rrr}3&1&-2&1\\& & 3& \color{black}{3} \\ \hline &\color{blue}{1}&\color{blue}{1}&\color{orangered}{4} \end{array} $$The solution is:
$$ \frac{ x^{2}-2x+1 }{ x-3 } = \color{blue}{x+1} ~+~ \frac{ \color{red}{ 4 } }{ x-3 } $$Explanation
Step 1 : Write down the coefficients of the dividend into division table. Put the zero from $ x -3 = 0 $ ( $ x = \color{blue}{ 3 } $ ) at the left.
$$ \begin{array}{c|rrr}\color{blue}{3}&1&-2&1\\& & & \\ \hline &&& \end{array} $$Step 1 : Bring down the leading coefficient to the bottom row.
$$ \begin{array}{c|rrr}3&\color{orangered}{ 1 }&-2&1\\& & & \\ \hline &\color{orangered}{1}&& \end{array} $$Step 2 : Multiply by the number on the left, and carry the result into the next column: $ \color{blue}{ 3 } \cdot \color{blue}{ 1 } = \color{blue}{ 3 } $.
$$ \begin{array}{c|rrr}\color{blue}{3}&1&-2&1\\& & \color{blue}{3} & \\ \hline &\color{blue}{1}&& \end{array} $$Step 3 : Add down last column: $ \color{orangered}{ -2 } + \color{orangered}{ 3 } = \color{orangered}{ 1 } $
$$ \begin{array}{c|rrr}3&1&\color{orangered}{ -2 }&1\\& & \color{orangered}{3} & \\ \hline &1&\color{orangered}{1}& \end{array} $$Step 4 : Multiply by the number on the left, and carry the result into the next column: $ \color{blue}{ 3 } \cdot \color{blue}{ 1 } = \color{blue}{ 3 } $.
$$ \begin{array}{c|rrr}\color{blue}{3}&1&-2&1\\& & 3& \color{blue}{3} \\ \hline &1&\color{blue}{1}& \end{array} $$Step 5 : Add down last column: $ \color{orangered}{ 1 } + \color{orangered}{ 3 } = \color{orangered}{ 4 } $
$$ \begin{array}{c|rrr}3&1&-2&\color{orangered}{ 1 }\\& & 3& \color{orangered}{3} \\ \hline &\color{blue}{1}&\color{blue}{1}&\color{orangered}{4} \end{array} $$Bottom line represents the quotient $ \color{blue}{ x+1 } $ with a remainder of $ \color{red}{ 4 } $.