$$ \begin{aligned} k-\frac{12}{4} &= 8&& \text{multiply ALL terms by } \color{blue}{ 4 }. \\[1 em]4k-4\cdot\frac{12}{4} &= 4\cdot8&& \text{cancel out the denominators} \\[1 em]4k-12 &= 32&& \text{ move -12 to the right } \\[1 em]4k &= 32+12&& \\[1 em]4k &= 44&& \text{ divide both sides by $ 4 $ } \\[1 em]k &= \frac{44}{4}&& \\[1 em]k &= 11&& \\[1 em] \end{aligned} $$
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