Step 1: Write second polynomial below the first one. Making sure like terms are lined up.
$$ \begin{array}{lrrrr} & 3x^3 & 4x^2 & -x & 8 \\ \color{blue}{ + } & x^3 & 7x^2 & 2x & -16 \\ \hline \end{array} $$Step 2: Combine like terms (add each column):
$$ \begin{array}{lrrrr} & 3x^3 & 4x^2 & -x & 8 \\ \color{blue}{ + } & x^3 & 7x^2 & 2x & -16 \\ \hline & 4x^3 & 11x^2 & x & -8 \end{array} $$