Step 1: First we have to write polynomials in descending order.
$$ \begin{aligned} P(x) &= 3v^4+8v^2-2 \\ Q(x) &= -7v^4+6v^2+4 \\ \end{aligned} $$Step 2: Write second polynomial below the first one. Making sure like terms are lined up.
$$ \begin{array}{lrrr} & 3v^4 & 8v^2 & -2 \\ \color{blue}{ + } & -7v^4 & 6v^2 & 4 \\ \hline \end{array} $$Step 3: Combine like terms (add each column):
$$ \begin{array}{lrrr} & 3v^4 & 8v^2 & -2 \\ \color{blue}{ + } & -7v^4 & 6v^2 & 4 \\ \hline & -4v^4 & 14v^2 & 2 \end{array} $$