Step 1: First we have to write polynomials in descending order.
$$ \begin{aligned} P(x) &= 5x+8 \\ Q(x) &= -3x+4 \\ \end{aligned} $$Step 2: Write second polynomial below the first one. Making sure like terms are lined up.
$$ \begin{array}{lrr} & 5x & 8 \\ \color{blue}{ + } & -3x & 4 \\ \hline \end{array} $$Step 3: Combine like terms (add each column):
$$ \begin{array}{lrr} & 5x & 8 \\ \color{blue}{ + } & -3x & 4 \\ \hline & 2x & 12 \end{array} $$