Find roots of polynomial $$ p(x) = 4x^3+9x^2-18x-23 $$
Answer
The roots of polynomial $ p(x) $ are:
$$ \begin{aligned}x_1 &= -1\\[1 em]x_2 &= 1.853\\[1 em]x_3 &= -3.103 \end{aligned} $$Explanation
Step 1:
Use rational root test to find out that the $ \color{blue}{ x = -1 } $ is a root of polynomial $ 4x^3+9x^2-18x-23 $.
The Rational Root Theorem tells us that if the polynomial has a rational zero then it must be a fraction $ \dfrac{ \color{blue}{p}}{ \color{red}{q} } $, where $ p $ is a factor of the constant term and $ q $ is a factor of the leading coefficient.
The constant term is $ \color{blue}{ 23 } $, with factors of 1 and 23.
The leading coefficient is $ \color{red}{ 4 }$, with factors of 1, 2 and 4.
The POSSIBLE zeroes are:
$$ \begin{aligned} \dfrac{\color{blue}{p}}{\color{red}{q}} = & \dfrac{ \text{ factors of 23 }}{\text{ factors of 4 }} = \pm \dfrac{\text{ ( 1, 23 ) }}{\text{ ( 1, 2, 4 ) }} = \\[1 em] = & \pm \frac{ 1}{ 1} \pm \frac{ 23}{ 1} ~~ \pm \frac{ 1}{ 2} \pm \frac{ 23}{ 2} ~~ \pm \frac{ 1}{ 4} \pm \frac{ 23}{ 4} ~~ \end{aligned} $$Substitute the possible roots one by one into the polynomial to find the actual roots. Start first with the whole numbers.
We can see that $ p\left( -1 \right) = 0 $ so $ x = -1 $ is a root of a polynomial $ p(x) $.
To find remaining zeros we use Factor Theorem. This theorem states that if $ \dfrac{p}{q} $ is root of the polynomial then the polynomial can be divided by $ \color{blue}{qx − p} $. In this example we divide polynomial $ p $ by $ \color{blue}{ x+1 }$
$$ \frac{ 4x^3+9x^2-18x-23}{ x+1} = 4x^2+5x-23 $$Step 2:
The next rational root is $ x = -1 $
$$ \frac{ 4x^3+9x^2-18x-23}{ x+1} = 4x^2+5x-23 $$Step 3:
The solutions of $ 4x^2+5x-23 = 0 $ are: $ x = -\dfrac{ 5 }{ 8 }-\dfrac{\sqrt{ 393 }}{ 8 } ~ \text{and} ~ x = -\dfrac{ 5 }{ 8 }+\dfrac{\sqrt{ 393 }}{ 8 }$.
You can use step-by-step quadratic equation solver to see a detailed explanation on how to solve this quadratic equation.