Sketch the graph of the polynomial function $$ p(x) = 5x^3+4x^2-20x-16 $$

Tap the blue points to see coordinates.

STEP 1:Find the x-intercepts

To find the x-intercepts solve, the equation $ \color{blue}{ 5x^3+4x^2-20x-16 = 0 } $

The solutions of this equation are:

$$ \begin{matrix}x_1 = 2 & x_2 = -2 & x_3 = -\dfrac{ 4 }{ 5 } \end{matrix} $$

(you can use the step-by-step polynomial equation solver to see a detailed explanation of how to solve the equation)

STEP 2:Find the y-intercepts

To find the y-intercepts, substitute $ x = 0 $ into $ \color{blue}{ p(x) = 5x^3+4x^2-20x-16 } $, so:

$$ \text{Y inercept} = p(0) = -16 $$

STEP 3:Find the end behavior

The end behavior of a polynomial is the same as the end behavior of a leading term.

$$ \lim_{x \to -\infty} \left( 5x^3+4x^2-20x-16 \right) = \lim_{x \to -\infty} 5x^3 = \color{blue}{ -\infty } $$

The graph starts in the lower-left corner.

$$ \lim_{x \to \infty} \left( 5x^3+4x^2-20x-16 \right) = \lim_{x \to \infty} 5x^3 = \color{blue}{ \infty } $$

The graph ends in the upper-right corner.

STEP 4:Find the turning points

To determine the turning points, we need to find the first derivative of $ p(x) $:

$$ p^{\prime} (x) = 15x^2+8x-20 $$

The x coordinate of the turning points are located at the zeros of the first derivative

$$ p^{\prime} (x) = 0 $$ $$ \begin{matrix}x_1 = 0.9184 & x_2 = -1.4518 \end{matrix} $$

(cleck here to see a explanation of how to solve the equation)

To find the y coordinates, substitute the above values into $ p(x) $

$$ \begin{aligned} \text{for } ~ x & = \color{blue}{ 0.9184 } \Rightarrow p\left(0.9184\right) = \color{orangered}{ -27.121 }\\[1 em] \text{for } ~ x & = \color{blue}{ -1.4518 } \Rightarrow p\left(-1.4518\right) = \color{orangered}{ 6.1669 }\end{aligned} $$

So the turning points are:

$$ \begin{matrix} \left( 0.9184, -27.121 \right) & \left( -1.4518, 6.1669 \right)\end{matrix} $$

STEP 5:Find the inflection points

The inflection points are located at zeroes of second derivative. The second derivative is $ p^{\prime \prime} (x) = 30x+8 $.

The zero of second derivative is

$$ \begin{matrix}x = -\dfrac{ 4 }{ 15 } \end{matrix} $$

Substitute the x value into $ p(x) $ to get y coordinates

$$ \begin{aligned} \text{for } ~ x & = \color{blue}{ -\frac{ 4 }{ 15 } } \Rightarrow p\left(-\frac{ 4 }{ 15 }\right) = \color{orangered}{ -\frac{ 7072 }{ 675 } }\end{aligned} $$

So the inflection point is:

$$ \begin{matrix} \left( -\dfrac{ 4 }{ 15 }, -\dfrac{ 7072 }{ 675 } \right)\end{matrix} $$

Graphing Polynomials