To factor $ x^{3}-2x^{2}+4x-8 $ we can use factoring by grouping:
Group $ \color{blue}{ x^{3} }$ with $ \color{blue}{ -2x^{2} }$ and $ \color{red}{ 4x }$ with $ \color{red}{ -8 }$ then factor each group.
$$ \begin{aligned} x^{3}-2x^{2}+4x-8 = ( \color{blue}{ x^{3}-2x^{2} } ) + ( \color{red}{ 4x-8 }) &= \\ &= \color{blue}{ x^{2}( x-2 )} + \color{red}{ 4( x-2 ) } = \\ &= (x^{2}+4)(x-2) \end{aligned} $$