To factor $ t^2-4t+tv-4v $ we can use factoring by grouping.
Group $ \color{blue}{ t^2 }$ with $ \color{blue}{ -4t }$ and $ \color{red}{ tv }$ with $ \color{red}{ -4v }$ then factor each group.
$$ \begin{aligned} t^2-4t+tv-4v &= ( \color{blue}{ t^2-4t } ) + ( \color{red}{ tv-4v }) = \\ &= \color{blue}{ t( t-4 )} + \color{red}{ v( t-4 ) } = \\ &= (t+v)(t-4) \end{aligned} $$