Step 1: Identify constants $ \color{blue}{ b }$ and $\color{red}{ c }$. ( $ \color{blue}{ b }$ is a number in front of the $ x $ term and $ \color{red}{ c } $ is a constant). In our case:
$$ \color{blue}{ b = 3 } ~ \text{ and } ~ \color{red}{ c = -54 }$$Now we must discover two numbers that sum up to $ \color{blue}{ 3 } $ and multiply to $ \color{red}{ -54 } $.
Step 2: Find out pairs of numbers with a product of $\color{red}{ c = -54 }$.
PRODUCT = -54 | |
-1 54 | 1 -54 |
-2 27 | 2 -27 |
-3 18 | 3 -18 |
-6 9 | 6 -9 |
Step 3: Find out which pair sums up to $\color{blue}{ b = 3 }$
PRODUCT = -54 and SUM = 3 | |
-1 54 | 1 -54 |
-2 27 | 2 -27 |
-3 18 | 3 -18 |
-6 9 | 6 -9 |
Step 4: Put -6 and 9 into placeholders to get factored form.
$$ \begin{aligned} s^{2}+3s-54 & = (x + \color{orangered}{\square} )(x + \color{orangered}{\square}) \\ s^{2}+3s-54 & = (x -6)(x + 9) \end{aligned} $$