Factor polynomial $$ c^{2}-12c+32 $$

$$ c^{2}-12c+32 = ( c-4 )( c-8 ) $$

Step 1: Identify constants $ \color{blue}{ b }$ and $\color{red}{ c }$. ( $ \color{blue}{ b }$ is a number in front of the $ x $ term and $ \color{red}{ c } $ is a constant). In our case:

$$ \color{blue}{ b = -12 } ~ \text{ and } ~ \color{red}{ c = 32 }$$

Now we must discover two numbers that sum up to $ \color{blue}{ -12 } $ and multiply to $ \color{red}{ 32 } $.

Step 2: Find out pairs of numbers with a product of $\color{red}{ c = 32 }$.

PRODUCT = 32
1     32	-1     -32
2     16	-2     -16
4     8	-4     -8

Step 3: Find out which pair sums up to $\color{blue}{ b = -12 }$

PRODUCT = 32 and SUM = -12
1     32	-1     -32
2     16	-2     -16
4     8	-4     -8

Step 4: Put -4 and -8 into placeholders to get factored form.

$$ \begin{aligned} c^{2}-12c+32 & = (x + \color{orangered}{\square} )(x + \color{orangered}{\square}) \\ c^{2}-12c+32 & = (x -4)(x -8) \end{aligned} $$

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