Step 1 :
After factoring out $ 9y $ we have:
$$ 9y^{7}-144y = 9y ( y^{6}-16 ) $$Step 2 :
Rewrite $ y^{6}-16 $ as:
$$ y^{6}-16 = (y^{3})^2 - (4)^2 $$Now we can apply the difference of squares formula.
$$ I^2 - II^2 = (I - II)(I + II) $$After putting $ I = y^{3} $ and $ II = 4 $ , we have:
$$ y^{6}-16 = (y^{3})^2 - (4)^2 = ( y^{3}-4 ) ( y^{3}+4 ) $$