Rewrite $ 9-u^10v^8 $ as:
$$ \color{blue}{ 9-u^10v^8 = (3)^2 - (u^5v^4)^2 } $$Now we can apply the difference of squares formula.
$$ I^2 - II^2 = (I - II)(I + II) $$After putting $ I = 3 $ and $ II = u^5v^4 $ , we have:
$$ 9-u^10v^8 = (3)^2 - (u^5v^4)^2 = ( 3-u^5v^4 ) ( 3+u^5v^4 ) $$