Note that the polynomial $ 81p^2-144pq+64q^2 $ is a perfect square trinomial, so we will use the following formula.
$$ A^2 - 2AB + B^2 = (A - B)^2 $$In this example we have $ \color{blue}{ A = 9p } $ and $ \color{red}{ B = 8q } $ so,
$$ 81p^2-144pq+64q^2 = ( \color{blue}{ 9p } - \color{red}{ 8q } )^2 $$