Step 1 :
Factor out common factor $ \color{blue}{ 6 } $:
$$ 54v^2-6u^2 = 6 ( 9v^2-u^2 ) $$Step 2 :
Rewrite $ 9v^2-u^2 $ as:
$$ \color{blue}{ 9v^2-u^2 = (3v)^2 - (u)^2 } $$Now we can apply the difference of squares formula.
$$ I^2 - II^2 = (I - II)(I + II) $$After putting $ I = 3v $ and $ II = u $ , we have:
$$ 9v^2-u^2 = (3v)^2 - (u)^2 = ( 3v-u ) ( 3v+u ) $$