Step 1 :
After factoring out $ 2v^{2} $ we have:
$$ -72v^{4}+50v^{2} = 2v^{2} ( -36v^{2}+25 ) $$Step 2 :
Rewrite $ -36v^{2}+25 $ as:
$$ -36v^{2}+25 = 25 -36x^2 = (5)^2 - (6v)^2 $$Now we can apply the difference of squares formula.
$$ I^2 - II^2 = (I - II)(I + II) $$After putting $ I = 5 $ and $ II = 6v $ , we have:
$$ -36v^{2}+25 = (5)^2 - (6v)^2 = ( -6v+5 ) ( 6v+5 ) $$