Step 1 :
After factoring out $ 2 $ we have:
$$ 4x^{3}-8x^{2}+6x-12 = 2 ( 2x^{3}-4x^{2}+3x-6 ) $$Step 2 :
To factor $ 2x^{3}-4x^{2}+3x-6 $ we can use factoring by grouping:
Group $ \color{blue}{ 2x^{3} }$ with $ \color{blue}{ -4x^{2} }$ and $ \color{red}{ 3x }$ with $ \color{red}{ -6 }$ then factor each group.
$$ \begin{aligned} 2x^{3}-4x^{2}+3x-6 = ( \color{blue}{ 2x^{3}-4x^{2} } ) + ( \color{red}{ 3x-6 }) &= \\ &= \color{blue}{ 2x^{2}( x-2 )} + \color{red}{ 3( x-2 ) } = \\ &= (2x^{2}+3)(x-2) \end{aligned} $$