To factor $ 3x^{3}-7x^{2}-18x+42 $ we can use factoring by grouping:
Group $ \color{blue}{ 3x^{3} }$ with $ \color{blue}{ -7x^{2} }$ and $ \color{red}{ -18x }$ with $ \color{red}{ 42 }$ then factor each group.
$$ \begin{aligned} 3x^{3}-7x^{2}-18x+42 = ( \color{blue}{ 3x^{3}-7x^{2} } ) + ( \color{red}{ -18x+42 }) &= \\ &= \color{blue}{ x^{2}( 3x-7 )} + \color{red}{ -6( 3x-7 ) } = \\ &= (x^{2}-6)(3x-7) \end{aligned} $$