To factor $ 2x^{3}+8x^{2}-5x-20 $ we can use factoring by grouping:
Group $ \color{blue}{ 2x^{3} }$ with $ \color{blue}{ 8x^{2} }$ and $ \color{red}{ -5x }$ with $ \color{red}{ -20 }$ then factor each group.
$$ \begin{aligned} 2x^{3}+8x^{2}-5x-20 = ( \color{blue}{ 2x^{3}+8x^{2} } ) + ( \color{red}{ -5x-20 }) &= \\ &= \color{blue}{ 2x^{2}( x+4 )} + \color{red}{ -5( x+4 ) } = \\ &= (2x^{2}-5)(x+4) \end{aligned} $$