Step 1 :
Factor out common factor $ \color{blue}{ 8 } $:
$$ 216x^3+64y^3 = 8 ( 27x^3+8y^3 ) $$Step 2 :
To factor $ 27x^{3}+8y^{3} $ we can use sum of cubes formula:
$$ I^3 + II^3 = (I + II) (I^2 - I \cdot II + II^2)$$After putting $ I = 3x $ and $ II = 2y $ , we have:
$$ 27x^{3}+8y^{3} = ( 3x+2y ) ( 9x^{2}-6xy+4y^{2} ) $$