Rewrite $ 144x^2y^4-1 $ as:
$$ \color{blue}{ 144x^2y^4-1 = (12xy^2)^2 - (1)^2 } $$Now we can apply the difference of squares formula.
$$ I^2 - II^2 = (I - II)(I + II) $$After putting $ I = 12xy^2 $ and $ II = 1 $ , we have:
$$ 144x^2y^4-1 = (12xy^2)^2 - (1)^2 = ( 12xy^2-1 ) ( 12xy^2+1 ) $$