Rewrite $ 144-x^2y^2 $ as:
$$ \color{blue}{ 144-x^2y^2 = (12)^2 - (xy)^2 } $$Now we can apply the difference of squares formula.
$$ I^2 - II^2 = (I - II)(I + II) $$After putting $ I = 12 $ and $ II = xy $ , we have:
$$ 144-x^2y^2 = (12)^2 - (xy)^2 = ( 12-xy ) ( 12+xy ) $$