To factor $ 12y^{3}-3y^{2}-8y+2 $ we can use factoring by grouping:
Group $ \color{blue}{ 12x^{3} }$ with $ \color{blue}{ -3x^{2} }$ and $ \color{red}{ -8x }$ with $ \color{red}{ 2 }$ then factor each group.
$$ \begin{aligned} 12y^{3}-3y^{2}-8y+2 = ( \color{blue}{ 12x^{3}-3x^{2} } ) + ( \color{red}{ -8x+2 }) &= \\ &= \color{blue}{ 3x^{2}( 4x-1 )} + \color{red}{ -2( 4x-1 ) } = \\ &= (3x^{2}-2)(4x-1) \end{aligned} $$