Rewrite $ 121y^4-x^4 $ as:
$$ \color{blue}{ 121y^4-x^4 = (11y^2)^2 - (x^2)^2 } $$Now we can apply the difference of squares formula.
$$ I^2 - II^2 = (I - II)(I + II) $$After putting $ I = 11y^2 $ and $ II = x^2 $ , we have:
$$ 121y^4-x^4 = (11y^2)^2 - (x^2)^2 = ( 11y^2-x^2 ) ( 11y^2+x^2 ) $$