Step 1 :
After factoring out $ 2x $ we have:
$$ -50x^{3}+8x = 2x ( -25x^{2}+4 ) $$Step 2 :
Rewrite $ -25x^{2}+4 $ as:
$$ -25x^{2}+4 = 4 -25x^2 = (2)^2 - (5x)^2 $$Now we can apply the difference of squares formula.
$$ I^2 - II^2 = (I - II)(I + II) $$After putting $ I = 2 $ and $ II = 5x $ , we have:
$$ -25x^{2}+4 = (2)^2 - (5x)^2 = ( -5x+2 ) ( 5x+2 ) $$