Step 1 :
After factoring out $ -1 $ we have:
$$ -16x^{2}+32x+9 = - ~ ( 16x^{2}-32x-9 ) $$Step 2 :
Step 2: Identify constants $ a $ , $ b $ and $ c $.
$ a $ is a number in front of the $ x^2 $ term $ b $ is a number in front of the $ x $ term and $ c $ is a constant. In this case:
Step 3: Multiply the leading coefficient $\color{blue}{ a = 16 }$ by the constant term $\color{blue}{c = -9} $.
$$ a \cdot c = -144 $$Step 4: Find out two numbers that multiply to $ a \cdot c = -144 $ and add to $ b = -32 $.
Step 5: All pairs of numbers with a product of $ -144 $ are:
PRODUCT = -144 | |
-1 144 | 1 -144 |
-2 72 | 2 -72 |
-3 48 | 3 -48 |
-4 36 | 4 -36 |
-6 24 | 6 -24 |
-8 18 | 8 -18 |
-9 16 | 9 -16 |
-12 12 | 12 -12 |
Step 6: Find out which factor pair sums up to $\color{blue}{ b = -32 }$
PRODUCT = -144 and SUM = -32 | |
-1 144 | 1 -144 |
-2 72 | 2 -72 |
-3 48 | 3 -48 |
-4 36 | 4 -36 |
-6 24 | 6 -24 |
-8 18 | 8 -18 |
-9 16 | 9 -16 |
-12 12 | 12 -12 |
Step 7: Replace middle term $ -32 x $ with $ 4x-36x $:
$$ 16x^{2}-32x-9 = 16x^{2}+4x-36x-9 $$Step 8: Apply factoring by grouping. Factor $ 4x $ out of the first two terms and $ -9 $ out of the last two terms.
$$ 16x^{2}+4x-36x-9 = 4x\left(4x+1\right) -9\left(4x+1\right) = \left(4x-9\right) \left(4x+1\right) $$